Only in new covenant people can receive the Holy Spirit.

1,Jesus said: Whoever believe in Him will receive Holy Spirit. But no one receives Holy Spirit before Jesus glorified Himself.

On the last and greatest day of the festival, Jesus stood and said in a loud voice, “Let anyone who is thirsty come to me and drink. Whoever believes in me, as Scripture has said, rivers of living water will flow from within them.”By this he meant the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were later to receive. Up to that time the Spirit had not been given, since Jesus had not yet been glorified. (John 7:37-39 NIV)

2,People have no way to receive Holy Spirit before Jesus died on the cross.Because man has sins, sinner cannot receive the Holy Spirit. They are just touched by Holy Spirit or filled with Holy Spirit but they could not receive Holy Spirit. So in old covenant there is no saying about receiving the Holy Spirit.

As it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one.”...for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, (Romans 3:10-12,23)

3,In old covenant no one can receive the Holy Spirit since the blood of bulls and goats cannot remove sins. It is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins. (Hebrews 10:4 NIV)

4,Only the blood of Jesus can truly take away sins, the Holy blood without blemish. Only the blood of Jesus could truly remove sins. Therefore, only after Jesus glorified Himself people could receive the Holy Spirit.

For you know that it was not with perishable things such as silver or gold that you were redeemed from the empty way of life handed down to you from your ancestors, but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect. He was chosen before the creation of the world, but was revealed in these last times for your sake. (1 Peter 1:18-20 NIV)

5,Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit, but he has not received the Holy Spirit.

His father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied: (Luke 1:67 NIV)

6,Jesus commanded Peter who was touched by Holy Spirit to wait in Jerusalem for the descending of the Holy Spirit.

Therefore I want you to know that no one who is speaking by the Spirit of God says, “Jesus be cursed,” and no one can say, “Jesus is Lord,” except by the Holy Spirit. (1 Corinthians 12:3 NIV)

until the day he was taken up to heaven, after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles he had chosen. After his suffering, he presented himself to them and gave many convincing proofs that he was alive. He appeared to them over a period of forty days and spoke about the kingdom of God. On one occasion, while he was eating with them, he gave them this command: “Do not leave Jerusalem, but wait for the gift my Father promised, which you have heard me speak about. For John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.”...But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.”(Acts 1:2-5,8 NIV)

7.Apstle Peter even he has the spiritual gift from the Holy Spirit but he has not received Holy Spirit. Therefore, Jesus told him to wait in Jerusalem for receiving Holy Spirit. On the day of Pentecost he received the Holy Spirit identified by speaking in new tongues. He entered the new covenant.

Now about the gifts of the Spirit, brothers and sisters, I do not want you to be uninformed. ...All these are the work of one and the same Spirit, and he distributes them to each one, just as he determines. ...And God has placed in the church first of all apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healing, of helping, of guidance, and of different kinds of tongues. Are all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all work miracles? ...Now eagerly desire the greater gifts. And yet I will show you the most excellent way. (1 Corinthians 12:1,11,28-29,31 NIV)

When the day of Pentecost came, they were all together in one place. Suddenly a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting. They saw what seemed to be tongues of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. ...Then Peter stood up with the Eleven, raised his voice and addressed the crowd: “Fellow Jews and all of you who live in Jerusalem, let me explain this to you; listen carefully to what I say. ...“ ‘In the last days, God says, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams. Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days, and they will prophesy. ...Exalted to the right hand of God, he has received from the Father the promised Holy Spirit and has poured out what you now see and hear. (Acts 2:1-3,14,17-18,33 NIV)

8,Receive Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit is the guarantee to inherit the Kingdom of God.

“Now I commit you to God and to the word of his grace, which can build you up and give you an inheritance among all those who are sanctified. (Acts 20:32 NIV)

to open their eyes and turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to God, so that they may receive forgiveness of sins and a place among those who are sanctified by faith in me.’(Acts 26:18 NIV)

who is a deposit guaranteeing our inheritance until the redemption of those who are God’s possession—to the praise of his glory. (Ephesians 1:14 NIV)

and into an inheritance that can never perish, spoil or fade. This inheritance is kept in heaven for you, (1 Peter 1:4 NIV)

9,Therefore, although Samaria believers were touched by Holy Spirit and believed in Jesus, they received the word of God and were also baptized. But the Holy Spirit has not yet dwelled in any of them. When apostle Pete arrived, He placed hands on them and they received the Holy Spirit.

But when they believed Philip as he proclaimed the good news of the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ, they were baptized, both men and women. ...Then Peter and John placed their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit. When Simon saw that the Spirit was given at the laying on of the apostles’ hands, he offered them money (Acts 8:12,17-18 NIV)